We are providing short and detailed notes of class 9 geography chapter 6 Population along with the explanation of the key terms. We have also provided ncert solutions for the class 9 population. Students would get help from this and be able to solve the exercises easily and get their concepts clear. We have basically focused on 3 important questions in this lesson i.e. population size and distribution; population growth and characteristics and qualities of a population.
Let us begin with our explanation:
Population Size and Distribution
India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers
- As of March 2011, India’s population was 1,210.6 million which accounts for 17.5% of the world’s population.
- Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India as it counts about 16% of the country’s population.
- Almost half of India’s population lives in just five states which are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh.
India’s Population Distribution by Density
Population Density is calculated as the number of persons per unit area. The population density of India in the year 2011 was 382 persons per sq km. That’s why India is considered one of the most densely populated countries in the world.
Population Growth and Processes of Population Change
The numbers, distribution, and composition of the population are dynamic. These influence and are interconnected with each other.
- Birth
- Death
- Migration
Population Growth
Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific period of time. This change can be expressed in 2 ways:
- In terms of absolute numbers: These are obtained by subtracting the earlier population from the latter population.
- In terms of percentage change per year: It is studied in percent per annum, e.g. a rate of increase of 2 percent per annum means that in a given year, there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is referred to as the annual growth rate.
Processes of Population Change/Growth
Three main processes of change of population are:
1) Birth Rates: The birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. In India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
2) Death Rates: The death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
3) Migration: Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries). In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of the population in cities and towns.
Age Composition
The age composition of a population refers to the number of people of different age groups living in a country. The population of a nation is grouped into 3 broad categories:
1. Children (generally below 15 years): They are economically unproductive and need to be provided with food, education, and proper health.
2. Working Age (15–59 years): They are economically productive and biologically reproductive. They come under the working population.
3. Aged (Above 59 years): They may be working voluntarily but they are not available for employment through recruitment.
Sex Ratio
It is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population. Sex Ratio is an important social indicator to measure equality between males and females in a society at a given time.
Literacy Rates
According to the Census 2011, a person aged 7 years and above, who can read and write with understanding in any language, is treated as literate. India’s literacy rate is 73% as per the census of 2011.
Occupational Structure
The distribution of the population according to different types of occupation is referred to as the occupational structure. Occupations are classified as:
- Primary: Primary activities include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining, and quarrying, etc
- Secondary: Secondary activities include the manufacturing industry, building and construction work, etc.
- Tertiary: Tertiary activities include transport, communications, commerce, administration, and other services.
Health
Health is an important component of population composition, which affects the process of development of a country as well as an individual. Factors influencing:
- Prevention of infectious diseases
- Application of modern medical practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments
Adolescent Population
Adolescents are grouped in the age group of 10 to 19 years. They are the most important resource for the future. It constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India. Nutritional requirements of adolescents are higher than those of a normal child or adult.
National Population Policy
The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age. It also helps in
- reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births
- Achieving universal immunization of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases
- Promoting delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people-centered program
NPP 2000 lays emphasis on other important needs of adolescents including protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It aims towards encouraging:
- Delayed marriage and child-bearing
- To educate the adolescents about the risks attached to unsafe sex.
- Making contraceptive services accessible and affordable
- Providing food supplements
- Nutritional services
- Taking legal measures to prevent child marriage
NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Population
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution, and composition of the population in
(a) the area of departure
(b) the area of arrival
(c) both the area of departure and arrival
(d) none of the above
Ans (c) both the area of departure and arrival.
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates
(b) high life expectancies
(c) high death rates
(d) more married couples
Ans (a) high birth rates.
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
Ans (a) the total population of an area.
(iv) According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Ans (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding.
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
Because of measures taken and initiated by the Government of India.
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
1) Birth Rates: The birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. In India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
2) Death Rates: The death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
3) Migration: Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries). In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of the population in cities and towns.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate, and birth rate.
Age structure: It is the proportion of a population in different age groups.
Death rate: The number of deaths per 1000 persons in a year.
Birth rate: The number of live births for every 1000 persons in a year.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
Migration is an important determinant of population change. It changes not only the population size but also the population composition of urban and rural populations in terms of age and sex composition. In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of the population in cities and towns. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries). 3. Distinguish between population growth and population change.
Answer:
| Population Change | Population Growth |
| It is the change in the distribution, composition, or size of the population, during a specific period of time. | Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific period of time, say during the last 10 years. |
4. What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
In less developing countries, a very high percentage of the population is involved in forestry, agriculture, animal husbandry, etc., also known as primary occupations.
On the other hand, in more developing countries, a high percentage of the population is involved in manufacturing. Or we can say engaged in the secondary occupation.
Where in more developed countries, a major portion of the population is involved in professions like commerce, transport, banking, etc., also known as tertiary occupations or the service sector. It is also a boon for any country.
5. What are the advantages of having a healthy population?
People are the nation’s most valuable resource. All other resources would be left idle and unused if a country’s resources are useless. A well-educated healthy population provides potential power for creating an economically prosperous & developed nation. It is a boon for any nation to be able to set motion to other sectors.
6.What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?
The NPP (National Population Policy) 2000 provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age, reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births, achieving universal immunization of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases, promoting delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people-centered program achieving food supplements, educating adolescents about unsafe sex, providing nutritional food and supplements.
Conclusion
We in this article have provided the students with ncert solutions of class 9 population along with the detailed explanation of short notes. As students are unable to get good and clear content so we have penned down the short notes of the population along with the solutions of back exercises to get the gist of the lesson and concepts. Stay updated with cbseguides.com for more such content.
